Introduction
As global warming rises, all countries must help eliminate greenhouse gas emissions. One of the factors that causes greenhouse gas emissions is ordinary light bulbs, which are one of the most important factors in greenhouse gas emissions due to their widespread use in most countries. Considering the fact that the share of lighting, which is mainly provided by ordinary lamps, is significant from the total electricity consumption, especially at the peak of consumption, for example in Iran about 30% of total energy consumption and about 45 to 50% of consumption The peak is spent on providing light, which makes this even more serious. Due to this, many countries have made a multi-year plan to replace other models of lamps with conventional ones so that they can eliminate this type of lamp in the long run and replace it with another lamp that removes greenhouse gases from energy. Use less to produce more light. Of course, this issue needs to change the culture of the people in the type of use of the equipment in order to increase their approach to this type of public lamp. The high cost of initial purchases over other bulbs and the low cost of energy are the main reasons many people turn to buying bulbs. This justification plan, considering the importance of energy consumption management in lighting systems and the invention of new methods and technologies in this field, as well as its efficiency and very high scope of application in the use of new LED systems in home lighting, commercial, passages and … Has been prepared.
What is LED?
LED stands for LIGHT EMMITED DIODE, which means light emitting diode. Light emitting diodes are actually part of the family of electronic diodes, which are also a subset of semiconductors. The feature that distinguishes LEDs from other semiconductors is that as current passes through them, some energy is emitted as light.
The most important advantages of LED lighting systems
- Reduce energy consumption (having the highest light conversion efficiency)
- Long service life
- Produce the least amount of heat
- Higher brightness and more color variation
- Extremely low power consumption
- Smaller size
- Easier energy transfer
- Ability to schedule exposure
- Possibility to use solar cells
Replacement design of LED light fixtures instead of fluorescent lights in Danish wagons
The project aims to replace incandescent lights in Danish cars with LED lights.
Disadvantages of fluorescent lights
- High consumption of fluorescent lights, including starter, transformer (lamp), lamp, headlamp and bubble
- The need to use 220V AC voltage and thus the use of two DC to AC converters in self-powered wagons (inverters)
- Excessive consumption and consumption of light bulbs and their high cost
- Short life of conventional incandescent and fluorescent lamps
- Variety of lights in a variety of wagons
- High cost of maintenance and repair of lighting system
- High power consumption
Advantages of replacing LED lights with fluorescent lights
- No need to use parts such as: starter, choke, headband and fluorescent lamp and of course reduce the cost of supplying the part
- Use of the power supply in the wagon, for example, 24 volts in the new Danish and German wagons or 110 volts in the East, West and French German wagons.
- Reduce light bulb consumption
- The lifespan of LED lamps is between 50,000 and 100,000 hours (about 10 times that of low-energy light bulbs and 100 times that of ordinary light bulbs).
- The shape of the lights is the same
- Excessive reduction in electricity consumption (approximately 20 times)
- Ability to combine colors and create warm, cold and combined light
- Reduce depreciation and battery consumption
- Reduce the depreciation of mechanical and electrical components of generators and gearboxes
An example of the benefits and costs of installing LED lights in a year is as follows
- Reduce the cost of supplying coupe bubbles
- Reduce the cost of maintaining the inverter
- Reduce the cost of supplying parts for West, East, Denmark and New Germany German inverters
- Reduce the cost of providing fluorescent lamps
- Reduce the cost of starting a startup
- Reduce the cost of supplying 50 and 100 Hz chokes
- Reduction of maintenance costs and lighting repairs due to the long life of LED lamps and 2-year warranty
- Reduction of battery supply in wagons due to low consumption of lights and as a result of not worn and discharged batteries
- Reducing the size and purchase price of batteries due to the lack of need for high current (reducing the battery capacity from 12 350 amp-hour battery blocks to two 12-volt 150 amp-hour battery batteries - Persian type)
- Reduce the cost of maintenance and repair of generators and gearboxes
- Remove circuit and lamp and emergency headlights due to DC lighting consumption
- Easier boarding of wagons (removal of 220V circuits and system components)
- The most important advantage of this type of lamp is that it is low consumption, so that the whole lighting system in a wagon (with a voltage of 110 volts) is one and a half amps, meaning that the lighting system can stay on for at least 30 days and nights and does not need to charge the battery. (Energy in your wagons with the existing battery 420 amps on the wagon)
We are planning to replace LED lamps with wagons instead of light bulbs
The goal of this project is to replace LED bulbs with incandescent bulbs for greater efficiency.
Advantages of LED lights
- The biggest advantage of LED is its useful life. LEDs have a useful life of 100,000 hours, while the useful life of incandescent lamps is only 1000 hours
- Decreased power consumption of steam generator wagons due to limitations and locomotive problems in power supply (about one-fifth)
- The heat generated by the LED lamp is very low due to the low energy consumption, which protects the frames from heat and damage, but the incandescent bulbs melt.
- Can be used at temperatures of -40 degrees and +85 degrees Celsius
- Increased efficiency in low current conditions in LED lamps but reduced in incandescent lamps with reduced light intensity
- LED light visibility is 10 times that of incandescent bulbs
- Use of low voltage LED lamps that are not possible in incandescent lamps
- Lack of ultraviolet and infrared rays
- Low power consumption of these lamps (current consumption of each of these lamps is 0.99 amps, which works with 74 volts DC, current consumption in each wagon is 0.72 amps
Disadvantages of inflammatory lamp in Steam
- Short lifespan
- High energy consumption
- High sensitivity to heat and vibration
- Very low exposure
Replacement of LED lamps instead of incandescent and incandescent lamps in other wagons
Russian wagons
In this design, like Danish trains, moonlight lights have been replaced with LED lights, the results and calculations of which are similar. An example of this project has also been implemented.
West German wagons
In this design, LED lamps are used instead of incandescent lamps in the wagon corridor of West (Green) Germany. This project was piloted on a train on 8/25/88, the results of which were very good and no damage was reported.
Transt wagons
In these trains, instead of incandescent lamps, LED lamps can be used. This design has been implemented in 100 experimental LED lights, the results of which are very desirable.
